Phase 2: Schema — note_type, status, parent_note_id, position

phase-note-decomp-2-schema Phase

Goal: Add 4 columns to notes table. Validation. API filters.
Completed: 2026-03-02 (PR #61, 2 QA rounds, 240 tests)
Forgejo: forgejo_admin/pal-e-docs PR #61
Incident: ~10 min outage from SQLite DDL auto-commit. See incident-2026-03-02-sqlite-migration-crash-pr61.
Deliverables: Alembic migration (4 columns + index), model (self-referential FK), Pydantic (NoteType Literal, 11 values), route validation (VALID_STATUSES, ALLOWED_PARENT_TYPES), 68 new tests.